Jogging mechanism for machine tools



Jan. 9, 1951 F. A. HASSMAN ET A1. 2,537,409

JOGGING MECHANISM FOR MACHINE rFOOLS Filed July 29, 1944 2 sheets-sheet 1 A TTORNE Y.

AJai 9, 1951 F. A. HAssMAN ET Al. 2,537,409

JOGGING MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed July 29, 1944 2 sheets-sheet 2 SPEE D CHANGE LEVR ATTORNEY.

Patented Jan. 9, 1951 UNITED STATES '.f

TENT, formes JOGGNG MECHANISM FOR MACHIN TOOLS Fred A. Hassman and Edgar D. Vancil, -Cincinnati, Ohio, assignors to The Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 29, 1944, Serial No. 547,196

This invention relates to machine tools and chine whereby changes in a change speed trans-` mission thereof may be effected quietly, quickly, and efliciently.

An additional object of this invention is to provide in conjunction with a power operable rate change mechanism for a machine tool transmission improved and simplified means for automatically imparting a slow rate of rotation to the transmission to assist intermeshing of the gears vand thereby facilitate rate changes therein.

Another object is to provide in a machine tool simplified and improved safety features, preventing damage or breakage of the rate change elements of the machine, which function automatically and without attention on the part of the operator other than that normally required for effecting a desired change of rate.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a common motion transmitter and control mechanism for power connecting a prime mover with a variable speed transmission of a milling machine which may be adjusted and utilized for either transmitting a low torque suicient to impart a slow idling rotation to the transmission during gear shifting periods or for transmitting transmission for gear shifting purposes and thereby eliminating the expense of special or auxiliary drive mechanism for the latter purpose.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention should be readily apparent by reference 'to the following specification, considered in convjunction with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof and it is to be understood that any modiiications may be made in the exact structural details there shown and described, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from orexceeding the spirit of the invention Referring to the drawings in which like refer- Vence numerals indicate like or similar parts:

Figure 1 is a diagram of a representative milling machine change speed transmission, having a ypower operated speed changing mechanism asso- Aciated therewith, to which this invention is particularly adapted.

11 Claims. (Cl. 192-3.5)

2 Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional diagrammatical view of the main drive clutch for connecting or disconnecting the prime mover to the r 'power transmission of Figure 1.

'hydraulic control and interlocking mechanism of this invention.

Figure 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the This invention is well adapted to a change speed transmission driven from a prime mover through a variable slip power coupling or main drive friction clutch. More particularly, it is a purpose to provide a hydraulic control and interlocking mechanism whereby the main drive clutch is held in predetermined semi-engaged position to provide a drag or slipping drive connection to effect rotation of the transmission at a relatively slow predetermined speed whenever its various gears are being shifted to effect speed changes. It is furthermore the purpose to arrange an interlockingmechanism which will neutralize and lock out a speed change control mechanism when the main drive clutch is in or moved to a fully engaged position. In this way a predetermined sequential Yoperation of the main drive clutch and the speed changing mechanism is attained. While this invention is generally adapted to any type of change speed transmission meeting the above specifications, for illustrative purposes, this invention is shownapplied to a change speed transmission of a milling machine comprising a base l0, Figure 1, having an integral column Il carrying the cutter spindle I2 and the work carrying structure I3.-

t is desirable to drive the cutter spindle I2 at a plurality of different speeds in order to readily adjust the machine to the particular character oi the work material being machined and the diameter of the cutter mounted on the cutter spindle. The cutter spindle l2 is driven by a suitable change speed transmission which, in this instance, comprises a sliding gear and clutch transmission driven by a suitable motor or prime mover (not shown) which delivers power continuously through appropriate belts i4 to the driving spool 63 to the right effects the automatic servocontrol as described above for reengaging the main drive friction clutch to any desired degree.

It isfto be noted that when the valve plunger B2 is continuously moved to the right, fluid pressure from the supply line 43 lis simultaneously applied in the chambers 48a and 48D. Due to the combined areas of the ends of both sleeves 49 and 50 exposedin the chamber 48b being greater than the area of only the end of the sleeve 49 exposed in the. chamber 48a the sleeves and push rod 34 will move under uid pressure in clutch engaging direction. When the plunger 62 is continuously moved to the left, fluid pressure will be released from `the chamber 48h while pressure confined in the chamber 48a. will move the sleeves and push rod in clutch disengaging direction. By halting the movement of the plunger 62 in any position of its travel in either direction the servo recovery movement of the sleeves relative to the plunger .will cause balanced pressures to be set up in the chambers 48a and 48h to maintain the main drive clutch in any semi-engaged position desired. Thus;..by positioning the control spool 63 of the valve plunger 62 in any desired intermediate position between these positions just described it is possible to readily effect different degrees of pressure between the clutch plates 20 and 25 and the composition disc 24 to cause slipping or dragging engagement of the clutch I6. In this way a relatively` slow rotation of the change speed gear transmission by the prime mover may be accomplished.

The change speed transmission shown in Figurel is driven from the drive shaft 2| and includes shiftable change gears 12, 13, and 14 slidably splined in driving relationship on the shaft 2|. These gears may be appropriately shifted in proper sequence into engagement with the respective gears 15, 16, and 11 on an intermediate shaft 18 of the change speed transmission. The gear 11 and a gear 19 of the shaft 18 in turn may be engaged by a shiftable pair of gears 80 and 8| so as to effect additional speed changes between the shaft 18 and the shaft 82 carrying the gears.

80 and 8|. Power from the shaft 82 is transmitted through suitable gearing 83, 84, and 85 to a gear 86 xed on the shaft 81 also appropriately ,carried in the column I I of the milling machine.

Power take-01T from the shaft 81 may be obtained through engagement of the clutch members 88 and 89 to drive the gear 90 journaled on the shaft 81 which in turn drives a pinion 9| fixed to the drive shaft 92 having an output pinion 93 fixed thereto driving a mating gear 94 of the shaft 95. The latter shaft 95 contains a bevel gear 96 driving a mating bevel gear 91 mounted on a back gear shaft 98 which transmits its power through suitable gearing 99 and |00 to the respective gears |I and |02 fixed on the cutter spindle I2. Additional speed changes between the shafts 81 and 92 may be readily effected by shifting the compound gear |03 and |04 which may be respectively engaged with the gears |05 and |06 fixed on the shaft 81.

Each of the various gears of this change speed transmission may be actuated in a predetermined sequence to provide the desired changes of speed in an increasing or decreasing progression by a hydraulic gear shifting mechanism preferably of a type for example as shown in U. S. Letters Pat- 6 ent No. 2,012,081, issued AugustA 20, 1935, in which there is provided a selector control valve r|||1 which may be rotated by power to desired posidirections.

tions to shift the transmission to give the desired rate of rotation to the cutter spindle l2. The selector valve receives fluid pressure from the line 4|! from the hydraulic pump 31 and transmits it through a series of control lines |08 which Vgo to the respective fluid pressure gear shifting cylinder mechanisms, |09 for the gears 12--13, ||0 for the gear 14, for the gears 8 0-0|, I|2 for the clutch` Sii-89, and4 ||3 for the gears IGS-|04 which appropriately shift the gears when the selector valve |01 is rotated in a manner as fully set forth in 'the above-mentioned patent. Power for rotating the control valve |91 may be derived from a gear I i4 fixed to andv constantly driven by driving pulley |5.as shown in Figure l, which, in turn, drives a gear |I5 carried onA a shaft I I6 which drives through suitable spiral gearing I I1 a shaft i8 having a bevel gear IIB fixed thereon and simultaneously driving mating bevel gears |20 and |2I in opposite A clutch member |22 is provided on a shaft |23 which may be engaged with one or the other of the bevel gears |20 or |2| so as to effect reversing rotation in the shaft |23 or 'when moved to a neutral position may arrest rotation of the shaft |23. Suitable gearing |24 connects power from the reversible shaft |23 tothe control valve |01. Thus, by manipulating the clutch |22 speed changes may be effected in an increasing or decreasing manner or the speed changing. mechanism rendered inoperative.

Any vsuitable control means of conventional design may be utilized to shift the clutch member |22, such as shown in Figure 3, in which a clutch spool |25 is appropriately connected to the clutch |22 through a shifter rod I22a operating coaxially of the shaft |23 and is actuated by means of a shifter yoke |26 carried on a shifter rod |21 which is actuated by a lever arm |28 fixed on a rock shaft |29 journaled inthe column I I. On the rock shaft |23 is fixed the speed change lever |30 having a neutral-position |30N shown in Figure 3, and movable to a position |3011 for effecting increased speed` changes by eifecting rotation of the selector valve |01 in one direction and having a position |300 for effecting decreasing rates of speed changes by rotation of the selector valve in the opposite direction, thisv lever being appropriately located in a convenient position on the machine structure.

A suitable control lever I3I, Figure 3, is pro-r vided in a convenient location on the machine structure for controlling the operation of .the

main drive clutch I6 through the actuation of the servo-controlplunger 32. This spindle control lever i 3| is appropriately mounted on a suitable rock shaft |32 journaled in the column I I and has fixed on it a lever arm |33 operating in a shifter rod |34 to which is connected the lever 64 so that when the control lever is in positioning control valve |35 having a, plunger ass-aros 7 |35 comprising a hydraulic actuator which is connected to a lever '|31 pivotally journaled on a suitable shaft |38 carried inthe column i i oi th machine and having' an end portion |3lc which operates in a suitable notch i159 formed in the valve plunger' |35. The end |3la also engages in a slot |33d`o`rme`d in the lever 33 fixed to the rock shaft 32 to which the spindle stop lever |3| is connected. In this Way rocking of the lever |3| effect-s sliding movement o1 the plunger |36 in the valve |35. The plunger1 |35 is prepared with reduced end portions |35@ and |351) around which are provided positioning spools |55 and Mil, each of which is slidably mounted in bores le? and M3 respectively in which the valve plunger $35 also slides. Behind the positioning' spool |115 and reduced end liic is provided a pressure chamber |44 and behind the' positioning spool isi and reduced end |33b is pro'- vided the pressure chamber |45. When fluid pressure is simultaneously applied in both of the chambers |44 and |45 the valve plunger is positioned in a. predetermined intermediate location so as to shift the spindle control leve;` |3| to a gear shifting position |3|a so that the plunger 62 of the hydraulic servo-control for the main drive clutch l is positioned to permit a dragging action between the clutch plates 2% and and the composition disc 24 suiicient to cause a relatively slow rotation of the change speed transmission by the prime mover. Under these conditions with pressure in both of the chambers I and |45, the spool Mil will loe positioned as shown in Figure 3 up against the abutment sure face M5 of the valve 35 to stop its axial movement and hold it t-hereagainst while the positioning spool lil is moved toivard it hy pressure in the chamber |65 to cause the plunger i3S to be moved to the left, as shown in Figure 3, at which time the spool lili 'will be held against the abutment surface lill, the plunger being conned by its suriace |58 against the spool ille and oy its surface N9 against the positioning spool |4| so that it is positively held hy hydraulic pressure in the predetermined intermediate gear Athe chambers |415 or It the plunger iBS is freely slidable in the bores le? and |43 of the valve |35 so that the spindle lever |3i may ce readily moved manually to any desired position. Y

Associated with the speed change leve-lv |35 is fluid pressure mechanism for actuating the plunger |35 and spindle control lever to the intermediate gear shift position |3|a Whenever the change speed lever is moved to either of its operative positions i3d@ or |3|lb for increasing or decreasing selection of speed changes. This arrangement comprises a lever |59 p-ivotally mounted on a suitable pin |5| carried in the column of the machine and having one end |580, cooperating with a. slot |28@ formed in the lever 128 andA having its other end |5lb cooperatn ing with a suitable notch S52 formed in the hydraulic actuator or plunger |53 of the speed selector interlocking valve |54, so that as the lever |39 is moved to its operative increasing speed position |35a or to its dec easing speed change position |3512, Figure 3, Vthe plunger |53 of the valve ld will be accordingly axially reciprocated through the levers |28 and |50.

Fluid pressure control means is provided so that whenever the speed change lever 33 is moved to either of its operative positions lea or |301) pressure will be simultaneously applied to 8 the `chambers |44 'and |45 of the positioning' control valve |35. Fluid pressure for actuatingrthis means is derived from the fluid pressure pump 31, Figure l, through the line tlil and a branch line |55, Figure 3, which is connected to the valve |35 to an annular groove |55 formed in the valve plunger |35 thereof which is in communication with the pressure line E55 whenever the spindle control lever |3| is in its stop position |3|s or in the 'gear shift position |3|a. Under these conditions uid pressure from the line |55 passes through the annular groove |55 and into a line |51 which, in turn, is connected to the control valve |54. The plunger |53 of this valve has a series of annular grooves |58, |59 and |59 formed in its plunger |53. When the speed change lever 3G is in itsinoperative or neutral position, pressure from the line 51 is blocked at the annular groove |58 of the plunger |53. However, when the speed change lever |353 is moved to its increase position ia pressure from the line |51 will be connected through the annular groove |56 to the line l5 l which, in turn, is connected to the line |52 connected to both the pressure chambers ld. and |125 of the positioning valve |35 so asto simultaneously apply pressure in said chambers to position said valve plunger |35 and the spindle control lever li in the gear shift position |3|a.

l Similarly, when the speed change lever |3 is moved to its other or decreasing speed change position |35?) pressure from the line |51 will be conducted through the annular groove |59 to the line U33 which also is connected to the common line |62 for the pressure chambers hid and |45 of the valve |35 to also effect movement of the spindle control lever to the gear shift position |3|a. v When the change speed lever |33 is in its neutral position each of the annular grooves 59 and ld-is connected to a suitable drain line |64 so that when the spindle control lever |S| is manually actuated with the speed cha-nge lever in neutral position fluid may readily ce displaced out of the chambers Hit and M5 to permit freedom of motion or" the plunger |35 and therefore unrestricted motion of the spindle control lever |3|. Thus, whenever the speed change lever is movedto an operative position, fluid pressure automatically moves the spindle control leverfto a semi-'engaged clutch position or intermediate gear shifting position |3|a and the spindle control lever is positively held in said position so long as speed changes are being effected. It is also to be noted that as soon as the speed change lever is again moved to its neutral or inoperative position the spindle control lever is then freely movable to any esired start or stop position.

This arrangement also provides means for automatically maintaining said speed change lever in its neutral or inoperative position whenever the spindle control lever is manually moved to its fully engaged spindle starting position |3|b of full engagement of the main drive-clutch 6. When the spindle control lever is so moved to the position ESIb, lluid pressure from the line. is then connected through an annular groove |55 in the valve plunger |36 to a line |65 connected to the common supply line l5? connected into pressure operating chambers |68 and 65 provided in each end of the valve 54. About each of the reduced end portions |53@ and |53b or the valve plunger |53 are the positioning spools |18 and l1! which are so arranged that when pressure is simultaneously applied in the chambers |58 and |69 the spools move against the respective abutment surfaces |12 and H3 provided in the valve body |54 and engage the surfaces H4 and |15 of the plunger |53 so as to centralize this plunger and to positively hold it in the position shown in Figure' 3 so that when pressure is tfius simultaneously applied in the chambers |8 and le@ by movement of the spindle control lever i3d to the fully engaged spindle start position |3 |b, the speed change lever |38 cannot be manipulated out'of its neutral position. Thus, when the main drive clutch I6 is fully engaged to drive the change speed transmission the speed change lever is locked in neutral against movement. When the spindle control lever |3| is in either its stop position |3|s or its gear shift position |3|a the line |66 connected to the common line l'i' is then connected through the annular groove 65 in the valve plunger |36 of the positioning valve E35, to drain line |64 so that the plunger |53 associated with the speed change lever |39 may readily displace fluid out of the pressure chambers 68 and |69 under these conditions to permit freedom of movement of the speed change lever |353.

There has thus been provided in a machine tool having a change speed transmission which is said hydraulic actuators to cause said manual speed transmission, a clutch interconnecting said prime mover and transmission, a speed changing mechanism including a speed change control lever operable to neutral or operative positions, a fluid pressure actuator connected to said lever, a clutch mechanism including a clutch anda control lever therefor operableto eiect disengaged,

driven from a source of power through a main i drive friction clutch, an arrangement wherein the main drive friction'clutchl may be partiallyT engaged under slipping conditions to cause a slow speed driving of the change speed transmission during the time speed changes are being made in the transmission. And it isfurthermore the purpose of this arrangement to provide interlocking control mechanism between the operating means for the main drive clutch and the operating means for effecting the speed changes in the transmission to limit the actuation of the main drive clutch and the eifecting of speed changes in the transmission in a predetermined sequential operating relationship. Thus, the main drive friction clutch provides the sole means for both `driving the change speed transmission during the normal machining operations and to provide a slow speed driving movement to the transmission to facilitate the change ofspeeds in the transmission.

What is claimed is: l. In a milling machine transmission and control mechanism, having a prime mover, a change speed transmission, a friction clutch connecting driving power from said prime mover to said transmission, speed changing mechanism for said transmission including Ya rst manual control means, clutch operating mechanism for variably controlling the engagement of said clutch including a second manual control means, and fluid pressure interlocking and control mechanism between said speed changing mechanism and said clutch voperating means rendered effective by the manipulation of said iirst manual control means to automatically cause said friction clutch to be slippingly engaged for slow rotation of said change speed transmission by said prime mover.

2. In a milling machine transmission and control mechanism comprising a prime mover, a change speed transmission, a friction clutch for connecting driving power from said prime mover to said transmission, speed changing mechanism for said transmission, manual control means for said speed changing mechanism, clutch actuating means, manual control means for said clutch actuating means, a hyraulic actuator controlled by each of said manual control means, and hydraulic interlocking mechanism associated with semi-engaged, and fully engaged positions of said clutch, a fluid pressure actuator for said clutch control lever, a hydraulic interlocking mechanism between said actuators rendered operative by the movement of said speed change control lever to an operative position to automatically shift said clutch to a semi-engaged position. for slow rotation of said transmission by said prime mover to facilitate making speed changes in said transmission.

4. In a milling machine transmission andcontrol mechanism having a prime mover, a change speed transmission, a clutch interconnecting said prime mover and transmission, a speed changing mechanism including -a speed change .control fully engaged position to automatically move said speed change control lever to and lock it in said neutral position.

5. In a milling machine transmission and control mechanism having a primer mover, a change speed transmission, a clutch interconnecting said prime mover` and transmission, a speed changing mechanism including a speed change control lever operable to neutral or operative positions', a iiuid pressure actuator connected vto said lever, a clutch mechanism including a clutch'and a control lever therefor operable to eiect disengaged, semi-engaged, and fully engaged positions of said clutch, a fluid pressure actuator for said clutch control lever, a hydraulic interlocking vmechanism between said actuators rendered operative by the movement of said speed change control lever to an operative position to cause said clutch control lever to be moved to and locked in its semi-engaged position.

6. In a milling machine transmission and control mechanism including a prime mover, av

shiftable gear change speed transmission, a friction clutch :between said prime mover and said transmission, hydraulically operated gear shifting mechanism for said transmission including a F gear shifting lever operable to neutral or speed changlng positions, a hydraulic servo-control mechanism for said clutch including a-,clutch control lever movable to a disengaged, semiengaged, or fully engaged position of said clutch, a hydraulic actuator for each of said levers, and hydraulic interlocking mechanism associated withv said actuators to limit the operation of said levers to a predetermined sequential relationship so that the movement of said gear shifting lever to a speed changing position automatically causes said clutchy operating lever' to' be automatically moved to a semi-engaged position or" said clutch for-slow rotation of said transmission during gear shifting'.

'7. In a milling machine having a variable speed shiftable gear transmission, a power operable speed' changing transmission for shiftingv sa'i'd gears, a power actuated driving member, and a driven member forming part of' said gear transmission, the combination o' means for establishing a motion" transmitting relationship between said members at. either a one-to-onc driving ratioy or lessz than one-to-one driving ratio including an actuating lever, aV control member having a, neutralA position and motion transmitting positions: on either side thereo for causing` power operation oi' said speedY change mechanism',l andy means responsive to movement oix said control' member to either motion transmitting position to cause adjustment of said actuating lever tol establish a less than onetoone driving ratio between said'. driving and driven members whereby the transmission will' be: slowly7 rotated during speedV changes therein.

8.r Inf a milling machine having avariable speed shifta-ble` gear transmission for dri-ving. a cutter spindle thereon, a power operable. speed changing. mechanism for shitting said gears, a power actuated driving member, and a driven mem-berforming part of said transmission, the v combination of means adjustable for establishing a motion' transrnitting.` relationship between said members at either a one-to-one driving ratio or less than one-towns driving rati-o including. an actuating lever, a control lever for said speed change mechanismhaving neutral and operative positions, a valve connected for movementI by said actuating lever and having a source of pressure' connected thereto, and means rendered effective by said valve upon movement in response to movement of the actuating. lever to aone-to-one driving ratio eiecting position for hydraulically locking said control lever in its neutral position.r

9.l In a milling machine having a variable speed shiftable gear transmission for driving a cutter spindle thereof, a power operable speed changing. mechanism` for shifting said gears, a power actuated driving member, and a driven member forming part of. said transmission.y the combination of means adjustable for establishinga motion transmitting relations-hip betweenA said members at either. a 'one-to-one driving ratio or less than one-to-one driving ratio including an actuating lever, a control lever' for said speed change mechanism having neutral and operative positions, a valve connected for movement by said control lever for connecting a source of pressure for hydraulically locking said actuating lever' in a less than one-to-one driving ratio position whereby said transmission will be slowly rotated during speed changes therein.

1'0. In a milling machine having a prime mover, a variable speed spindle transmission and a clutch for connecting the prime mover to the transmission, the combination with a power operable speed change mechanism for said transmission including a control lever having stop and operative positions for controllingy said mechanism and a second control' lever for controlling said clutch, of a servo-motor mechanism for effectingV engagement of. said clutchl depend,-

: ent on the amount of movement of said. secondi lever, hydraulically actuated mechanism eftective: on said servo-motor mechanism for positioning and holding said clutchv in a partially engaged condition to effectA slow rotation of saldi transtmission, and valve means operable by the firstnamed control lever for connecting pressure: to said hydraulically' actuated means'4 upon; move-A ment of said lever to one o itsl operativeV positions.

11. In a milling machineT having av prime mover, a variable speed spindle transmission.andv a clutch for connecting the prime mover for actuation of the spindle, the combinationy witha power operable change speed mechanismy for said transmission, oi` a speed change con-trol lever therefor having neutral and operative positions, a valve piston member connected to said lever,l a'. spindle control lever for controlling said clutchha-ving a stop position, a second position for eilecti'ng partialengagement.v of. said clutch, and:

cause shifting. of the nrst-named piston member to a position locking. the speed change control lever in itsl neutral position.

FRED A. HASSl'l/LA1\T.` EDGAR. D. VANCIL.

REFERENCES CITED- The following references are of record in the file oi this patent:

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